# Exceptions
[Diagnostics]

Collaboration diagram for Exceptions:

## Classes

- class __cxxabiv1::__forced_unwind
    Thrown as part of forced unwinding.

    A magic placeholder class that can be caught by reference to recognize forced unwinding. More...

- struct __gnu_cxx::forced_exception_error
    Thown by throw_allocator. More...
- class std::bad_alloc
    Exception possibly thrown by `new`.

    `bad_alloc` (or classes derived from it) is used to report allocation errors from the throwing forms of `new`. More...

- class std::bad_cast
    Thrown during incorrect typecasting.

    If you attempt an invalid `dynamic_cast` expression, an instance of this class (or something derived from this class) is thrown. More...

- class std::bad_exception
- class std::bad_typeid
    Thrown when a NULL pointer in a `typeid` expression is used. More...
- class std::domain_error
- class std::exception
    Base class for all library exceptions. More...
- class std::invalid_argument
- class std::ios_base::ios_base::failure
    These are thrown to indicate problems with io.

    27.4.2.1.1 Class ios_base::failure. More...

- class std::length_error
- class std::lock_error
    Thrown to indicate errors with lock operations. More...
- class std::logic_error
    One of two subclasses of exception. More...
- class std::out_of_range
- class std::overflow_error
- class std::range_error
- class std::regex_error
    A regular expression exception class.

    The regular expression library throws objects of this class on error. More...

- class std::runtime_error
    One of two subclasses of exception. More...
- class std::system_error
    Thrown to indicate error code of underlying system. More...
- class std::underflow_error

## Typedefs

- typedef void(* std::terminate_handler )()
- typedef void(* std::unexpected_handler )()

## Functions

- void __gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler ()
- template<typename _Ex > exception_ptr std::copy_exception (_Ex __ex) throw ()
- exception_ptr std::current_exception () throw ()
- void std::rethrow_exception (exception_ptr) __attribute__((__noreturn__))
- terminate_handler std::set_terminate (terminate_handler) throw ()
- unexpected_handler std::set_unexpected (unexpected_handler) throw ()
- void std::terminate () __attribute__((__noreturn__))
- bool std::uncaught_exception () throw ()
- void std::unexpected () __attribute__((__noreturn__))

## Detailed Description

Classes and functions for reporting errors via exception classes.

## Typedef Documentation

typedef void(* std::terminate_handler)()

If you write a replacement terminate handler, it must be of this type.

Definition at line 86 of file exception.

typedef void(* std::unexpected_handler)()

If you write a replacement unexpected handler, it must be of this type.

Definition at line 89 of file exception.

## Function Documentation

void __gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler | ( |  | ) |

A replacement for the standard terminate_handler which prints more information about the terminating exception (if any) on stderr.

Call

         std::set_terminate(__gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler)

to use. For more info, see http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/bk01pt02ch06s02.html

In 3.4 and later, this is on by default.

template<typename _Ex >

exception_ptr std::copy_exception | ( | _Ex | __ex | ) | throw ()`[inline]`

Obtain an exception_ptr pointing to a copy of the supplied object.

Definition at line 159 of file exception_ptr.h.

References std::current_exception().

exception_ptr std::current_exception | ( |  | ) | throw ()

Obtain an exception_ptr to the currently handled exception. If there is none, or the currently handled exception is foreign, return the null value.

Referenced by std::copy_exception().

void std::rethrow_exception | ( | exception_ptr |  | ) |

Throw the object pointed to by the exception_ptr.

terminate_handler std::set_terminate | ( | terminate_handler |  | ) | throw ()

Takes a new handler function as an argument, returns the old function.

unexpected_handler std::set_unexpected | ( | unexpected_handler |  | ) | throw ()

Takes a new handler function as an argument, returns the old function.

void std::terminate | ( |  | ) |

The runtime will call this function if exception handling must be abandoned for any reason. It can also be called by the user.

bool std::uncaught_exception | ( |  | ) | throw ()

[18.6.4]/1: "Returns true after completing evaluation of a throw-expression until either completing initialization of the exception-declaration in the matching handler or entering `unexpected()` due to the throw; or after entering `terminate()` for any reason other than an explicit call to `terminate()`. [Note: This includes stack unwinding [15.2]. end note]"

2: "When `uncaught_exception()` is true, throwing an exception can result in a call of `terminate()` (15.5.1)."

Referenced by std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::basic_ostream::sentry::~sentry().

void std::unexpected | ( |  | ) |

The runtime will call this function if an exception is thrown which violates the function's exception specification.