NAME Net::Twitter::Lite - A perl interface to the Twitter API VERSION version 0.12001 STOP! You probably want Net::Twitter::Lite::WithAPIv1_1 which has support for Twitter API v1.1. If you're using a service with an API compatible with Twitter's deprecated API v1, then you're in the right place. SYNOPSIS use Net::Twitter::Lite; my $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new( username => $user, password => $password legacy_lists_api => 0, ); my $result = eval { $nt->update('Hello, world!') }; eval { my $statuses = $nt->friends_timeline({ since_id => $high_water, count => 100 }); for my $status ( @$statuses ) { print "$status->{created_at} <$status->{user}{screen_name}> $status->{text}\n"; } }; warn "$@\n" if $@; DESCRIPTION This module provides a perl interface to the Twitter API v1. It uses the same API definitions as Net::Twitter, but without the extra bells and whistles and without the additional dependencies. Same great taste, less filling. This module is related to, but is not part of the "Net::Twitter" distribution. It's API methods and API method documentation are generated from "Net::Twitter"'s internals. It exists for those who cannot, or prefer not to install Moose and its dependencies. You should consider upgrading to "Net::Twitter" for additional functionality, finer grained control over features, backwards compatibility with older versions of "Net::Twitter", and additional error handling options. CLIENT CODE CHANGES REQUIRED Legacy Lists API Twitter re-implemented the Lists API using new endpoints and semantics. For backwards compatibility, this version of "Net::Twitter::Lite" defaults to the deprecated, legacy endpoints and semantics. It issues a warning if the "legacy_lists_api" option to new is not provided. To enable the new Lists endpoints and semantics, pass "(legacy_lists_api =" 0)> to "new". To disable the warning, and keep the backwards compatible endpoints and semantics, pass "(legacy_lists_api =" 1)> to "new". The "legacy_lists_api" option to "new" sets the default for all lists API method calls. You can override the default an each API call by passing a "-legacy_lists_api" option set to 1 or 0. Support for "legacy_lists_api" option will be removed in a future version and the option to "new" will be silently ignored. netrc option The default "apiurl" changed in version 0.08006. The change should be transparent to client code, unless you're using the "netrc" option. If so, you'll need to either update the ".netrc" entry and change the "machine" value from "twitter.com" to "api.twitter.com", or set either the "netrc" or "netrc_machine" options to "twitter.com". $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new(netrc_machine => 'twitter.com', netrc => 1); # -or- $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new(netrc => 'twitter.com'); OAuth requires callback parameter Beginning with version 0.03, it is necessary for web applications using OAuth authentication to pass the "callback" parameter to "get_authorization_url". In the absence of a callback parameter, when the user authorizes the application a PIN number is displayed rather than redirecting the user back to your site. MIGRATING FROM NET::TWITTER 2.x If you are migrating from Net::Twitter 2.12 (or an earlier version), you may need to make some minor changes to your application code in order to user Net::Twitter::Lite successfully. The primary difference is in error handling. Net::Twitter::Lite throws exceptions on error. It does not support the "get_error", "http_code", and "http_message" methods used in Net::Twitter 2.12 and prior versions. Instead of # DON'T! my $friends = $nt->friends(); if ( $friends ) { # process $friends } wrap the API call in an eval block: # DO! my $friends = eval { $nt->friends() }; if ( $friends ) { # process $friends } Here's a much more complex example taken from application code using Net::Twitter 2.12: # DON'T! my $friends = $nt->friends(); if ( $friends ) { # process $friends } else { my $error = $nt->get_error; if ( ref $error ) { if ( ref($error) eq 'HASH' && exists $error->{error} ) { $error = $error->{error}; } else { $error = 'Unexpected error type ' . ref($error); } } else { $error = $nt->http_code() . ": " . $nt->http_message; } warn "$error\n"; } The Net::Twitter::Lite equivalent is: # DO! eval { my $friends = $nt->friends(); # process $friends }; warn "$@\n" if $@; return; In Net::Twitter::Lite, an error can always be treated as a string. See Net::Twitter::Lite::Error. The HTTP Status Code and HTTP Message are both available. Rather than accessing them via the Net::Twitter::Lite instance, you access them via the Net::Twitter::Lite::Error instance thrown as an error. For example: # DO! eval { my $friends = $nt->friends(); # process $friends }; if ( my $error = $@ ) { if ( blessed $error && $error->isa("Net::Twitter::Lite::Error) && $error->code() == 502 ) { $error = "Fail Whale!"; } warn "$error\n"; } Unsupported Net::Twitter 2.12 options to "new" Net::Twitter::Lite does not support the following Net::Twitter 2.12 options to "new". It silently ignores them: no_fallback If Net::Twitter::Lite is unable to create an instance of the class specified in the "useragent_class" option to "new", it dies, rather than falling back to an LWP::UserAgent object. You really don't want a failure to create the "useragent_class" you specified to go unnoticed. twittervision Net::Twitter::Lite does not support the TwitterVision API. Use Net::Twitter, instead, if you need it. skip_arg_validation Net::Twitter::Lite does not API parameter validation. This is a feature. If Twitter adds a new option to an API method, you can use it immediately by passing it in the HASH ref to the API call. Net::Twitter::Lite relies on Twitter to validate its own parameters. An appropriate exception will be thrown if Twitter reports a parameter error. die_on_validation See "skip_arg_validation". If Twitter returns an bad parameter error, an appropriate exception will be thrown. arrayref_on_error This option allowed the following idiom in Net::Twitter 2.12: # DON'T! for my $friend ( @{ $nt->friends() } ) { # process $friend } The equivalent Net::Twitter::Lite code is: # DO! eval { for my $friend ( @{ $nt->friends() } ) { # process $friend } }; Unsupported Net::Twitter 2.12 methods clone The "clone" method was added to Net::Twitter 2.x to allow safe error handling in an environment where concurrent requests are handled, for example, when using LWP::UserAgent::POE as the "useragent_class". Since Net::Twitter::Lite throws exceptions instead of stashing them in the Net::Twitter::Lite instance, it is safe in a current request environment, obviating the need for "clone". get_error http_code http_message These methods are replaced by Net::Twitter::Lite::Error. An instance of that class is thrown errors are encountered. METHODS AND ARGUMENTS new This constructs a "Net::Twitter::Lite" object. It takes several named parameters, all of them optional: username This is the screen name or email used to authenticate with Twitter. Use this option for Basic Authentication, only. password This is the password used to authenticate with Twitter. Use this option for Basic Authentication, only. consumer_key A string containing the OAuth consumer key provided by Twitter when an application is registered. Use this option for OAuth authentication, only. consumer_secret A string containing the OAuth consumer secret. Use this option for OAuth authentication, only. the "OAuth" trait is included. oauth_urls A HASH ref of URLs to be used with OAuth authentication. Defaults to: { request_token_url => "http://twitter.com/oauth/request_token", authorization_url => "http://twitter.com/oauth/authorize", access_token_url => "http://twitter.com/oauth/access_token", xauth_url => "https://twitter.com/oauth/access_token", } clientname The value for the "X-Twitter-Client-Name" HTTP header. It defaults to "Perl Net::Twitter::Lite". clientver The value for the "X-Twitter-Client-Version" HTTP header. It defaults to current version of the "Net::Twitter::Lite" module. clienturl The value for the "X-Twitter-Client-URL" HTTP header. It defaults to the search.cpan.org page for the "Net::Twitter::Lite" distribution. useragent_class The "LWP::UserAgent" compatible class used internally by "Net::Twitter::Lite". It defaults to "LWP::UserAgent". For POE based applications, consider using "LWP::UserAgent::POE". useragent_args An HASH ref of arguments to pass to constructor of the class specified with "useragent_class", above. It defaults to {} (an empty HASH ref). useragent The value for "User-Agent" HTTP header. It defaults to "Net::Twitter::Lite/0.11002 (Perl)". source The value used in the "source" parameter of API method calls. It is currently only used in the "update" method in the REST API. It defaults to "twitterpm". This results in the text "from Net::Twitter" rather than "from web" for status messages posted from "Net::Twitter::Lite" when displayed via the Twitter web interface. The value for this parameter is provided by Twitter when a Twitter application is registered. See . apiurl The URL for the Twitter API. This defaults to "http://twitter.com". identica If set to 1 (or any value that evaluates to true), apiurl defaults to "http://identi.ca/api". ssl If set to 1, an SSL connection will be used for all API calls. Defaults to 0. netrc (Optional) Sets the *machine* key to look up in ".netrc" to obtain credentials. If set to 1, Net::Twitter::Lite will use the value of the "netrc_machine" option (below). # in .netrc machine api.twitter.com login YOUR_TWITTER_USER_NAME password YOUR_TWITTER_PASSWORD machine semifor.twitter.com login semifor password SUPERSECRET # in your perl program $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new(netrc => 1); $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new(netrc => 'semifor.twitter.com'); netrc_machine (Optional) Sets the "machine" entry to look up in ".netrc" when "> is used. Defaults to "api.twitter.com". legacy_lists_api If set to 1, this option enables backwards compatibility by using the now deprecated endpoints and semantics for lists API methods. If set to 0, the new endpoints and semantics will be used. Only the new lists API methods are documented here. If you do not provide this option to "new" a warning is issued. Support for this option and the legacy lists API methods will be removed in a future version. BASIC AUTHENTICATION METHODS credentials($username, $password) Set the credentials for Basic Authentication. This is helpful for managing multiple accounts. OAUTH METHODS authorized Whether the client has the necessary credentials to be authorized. Note that the credentials may be wrong and so the request may fail. request_access_token Returns list including the access token, access token secret, user_id, and screen_name for this user. Takes a HASH of arguments. The "verifier" argument is required. See "OAUTH EXAMPLES". The user must have authorized this app at the url given by "get_authorization_url" first. For desktop applications, the Twitter authorization page will present the user with a PIN number. Prompt the user for the PIN number, and pass it as the "verifier" argument to request_access_token. Returns the access token and access token secret but also sets them internally so that after calling this method, you can immediately call API methods requiring authentication. get_authorization_url(callback => $callback_url) Get the URL used to authorize the user. Returns a "URI" object. For web applications, pass your applications callback URL as the "callback" parameter. No arguments are required for desktop applications ("callback" defaults to "oob", out-of-band). get_authentication_url(callback => $callback_url) Get the URL used to authenticate the user with "Sign in with Twitter" authentication flow. Returns a "URI" object. For web applications, pass your applications callback URL as the "callback" parameter. No arguments are required for desktop applications ("callback" defaults to "oob", out-of-band). xauth($username, $password) Exchanges a username and password for OAuth tokens. Your application must be approved for XAuth access by Twitter for this method to work. Twitter does not grant XAuth access for web applications except for a brief period of time to allow them to switch form Basic authentication to OAuth authentication. access_token Get or set the access token. access_token_secret Get or set the access token secret. request_token Get or set the request token. request_token_secret Get or set the request token secret. access_token_url Get or set the access_token URL. authentication_url Get or set the authentication URL. authorization_url Get or set the authorization URL. request_token_url Get or set the request_token URL. xauth_url Get or set the XAuth access token request URL. API METHODS AND ARGUMENTS Most Twitter API methods take parameters. All Net::Twitter::Lite API methods will accept a HASH ref of named parameters as specified in the Twitter API documentation. For convenience, many Net::Twitter::Lite methods accept simple positional arguments as documented, below. The positional parameter passing style is optional; you can always use the named parameters in a hash ref if you prefer. For example, the REST API method "update" has one required parameter, "status". You can call "update" with a HASH ref argument: $nt->update({ status => 'Hello world!' }); Or, you can use the convenient form: $nt->update('Hello world!'); The "update" method also has an optional parameter, "in_reply_to_status_id". To use it, you must use the HASH ref form: $nt->update({ status => 'Hello world!', in_reply_to_status_id => $reply_to }); Convenience form is provided for the required parameters of all API methods. So, these two calls are equivalent: $nt->friendship_exists({ user_a => $fred, user_b => $barney }); $nt->friendship_exists($fred, $barney); Many API methods have aliases. You can use the API method name, or any of its aliases, as you prefer. For example, these calls are all equivalent: $nt->friendship_exists($fred, $barney); $nt->relationship_exists($fred, $barney); $nt->follows($fred, $barney); Aliases support both the HASH ref and convenient forms: $nt->follows({ user_a => $fred, user_b => $barney }); Methods that support the "page" parameter expect page numbers > 0. Twitter silently ignores invalid "page" values. So "{ page => 0 }" produces the same result as "{ page => 1 }". In addition to the arguments specified for each API method described below, an additional "authenticate" parameter can be passed. To request an "Authorization" header, pass "authenticated => 1"; to suppress an authentication header, pass "authentication => 0". Even if requested, an Authorization header will not be added if there are no user credentials (username and password for Basic Authentication; access tokens for OAuth). This is probably only useful for the "rate_limit_status" method in the REST API, since it returns different values for an authenticated and a non-authenticated call. REST API Methods Several of these methods accept a user ID as the "id" parameter. The user ID can be either a screen name, or the users numeric ID. To disambiguate, use the "screen_name" or "user_id" parameters, instead. For example, These calls are equivalent: $nt->create_friend('perl_api'); # screen name $nt->create_friend(1564061); # numeric ID $nt->create_friend({ id => 'perl_api' }); $nt->create_friend({ screen_name => 'perl_api' }); $nt->create_friend({ user_id => 1564061 }); However user_id 911 and screen_name 911 are separate Twitter accounts. These calls are NOT equivalent: $nt->create_friend(911); # interpreted as screen name $nt->create_friend({ user_id => 911 }); # screen name: richellis Whenever the "id" parameter is required and "user_id" and "screen_name" are also parameters, using any one of them satisfies the requirement. account_settings Parameters: *none* Required: *none* Returns the current trend, geo and sleep time information for the authenticating user. Returns: HashRef account_totals Parameters: *none* Required: *none* Returns the current count of friends, followers, updates (statuses) and favorites of the authenticating user. Returns: HashRef add_list_member Parameters: list_id, slug, user_id, screen_name, owner_screen_name, owner_id Required: *none* Add a member to a list. The authenticated user must own the list to be able to add members to it. Note that lists can't have more than 500 members. Returns: User add_place add_place(name, contained_within, token, lat, long) Parameters: name, contained_within, token, lat, long, attribute:street_address, callback Required: name, contained_within, token, lat, long Creates a new place object at the given latitude and longitude. Before creating a place you need to query "similar_places" with the latitude, longitude and name of the place you wish to create. The query will return an array of places which are similar to the one you wish to create, and a token. If the place you wish to create isn't in the returned array you can use the token with this method to create a new one. Returns: Place all_subscriptions alias: all_lists alias: list_subscriptions Parameters: user_id, screen_name, count, cursor Required: *none* Returns all lists the authenticating or specified user subscribes to, including their own. The user is specified using the user_id or screen_name parameters. If no user is given, the authenticating user is used. Returns: ArrayRef[List] block_exists block_exists(id) Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, include_entities Required: id Returns if the authenticating user is blocking a target user. Will return the blocked user's object if a block exists, and error with HTTP 404 response code otherwise. Returns: BasicUser blocking Parameters: page, include_entities Required: *none* Returns an array of user objects that the authenticating user is blocking. Returns: ArrayRef[BasicUser] blocking_ids Parameters: *none* Required: *none* Returns an array of numeric user ids the authenticating user is blocking. Returns: ArrayRef[Int] contributees Parameters: user_id, screen_name, include_entities, skip_satus Required: *none* Returns an array of users that the specified user can contribute to. Returns: ArrayRef[User] contributors Parameters: user_id, screen_name, include_entities, skip_satus Required: *none* Returns an array of users who can contribute to the specified account. Returns: ArrayRef[User] create_block create_block(id) Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, include_entities Required: id Blocks the user specified in the ID parameter as the authenticating user. Returns the blocked user when successful. You can find out more about blocking in the Twitter Support Knowledge Base. Returns: BasicUser create_favorite create_favorite(id) Parameters: id, include_entities Required: id Favorites the status specified in the ID parameter as the authenticating user. Returns the favorite status when successful. Returns: Status create_friend create_friend(id) alias: follow_new Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, follow, include_entities Required: id Befriends the user specified in the ID parameter as the authenticating user. Returns the befriended user when successful. Returns a string describing the failure condition when unsuccessful. Returns: BasicUser create_list Parameters: list_id, slug, name, mode, description, owner_screen_name, owner_id Required: *none* Creates a new list for the authenticated user. Note that you can't create more than 20 lists per account. Returns: List create_saved_search create_saved_search(query) Parameters: query Required: query Creates a saved search for the authenticated user. Returns: SavedSearch delete_list Parameters: owner_screen_name, owner_id, list_id, slug Required: *none* Deletes the specified list. The authenticated user must own the list to be able to destroy it. Returns: List delete_list_member alias: remove_list_member Parameters: list_id, slug, user_id, screen_name, owner_screen_name, owner_id Required: *none* Removes the specified member from the list. The authenticated user must be the list's owner to remove members from the list. Returns: User destroy_block destroy_block(id) Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name Required: id Un-blocks the user specified in the ID parameter as the authenticating user. Returns the un-blocked user when successful. Returns: BasicUser destroy_direct_message destroy_direct_message(id) Parameters: id, include_entities Required: id Destroys the direct message specified in the required ID parameter. The authenticating user must be the recipient of the specified direct message. Returns: DirectMessage destroy_favorite destroy_favorite(id) Parameters: id, include_entities Required: id Un-favorites the status specified in the ID parameter as the authenticating user. Returns the un-favorited status. Returns: Status destroy_friend destroy_friend(id) alias: unfollow Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, include_entities Required: id Discontinues friendship with the user specified in the ID parameter as the authenticating user. Returns the un-friended user when successful. Returns a string describing the failure condition when unsuccessful. Returns: BasicUser destroy_saved_search destroy_saved_search(id) Parameters: id Required: id Destroys a saved search. The search, specified by "id", must be owned by the authenticating user. Returns: SavedSearch destroy_status destroy_status(id) Parameters: id, trim_user, include_entities Required: id Destroys the status specified by the required ID parameter. The authenticating user must be the author of the specified status. Returns: Status direct_messages direct_messages(include_entities) Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, page, include_entities Required: include_entities Returns a list of the 20 most recent direct messages sent to the authenticating user including detailed information about the sending and recipient users. Returns: ArrayRef[DirectMessage] disable_notifications disable_notifications(id) Parameters: id, screen_name, include_entities Required: id Disables notifications for updates from the specified user to the authenticating user. Returns the specified user when successful. Returns: BasicUser enable_notifications enable_notifications(id) Parameters: id, screen_name, include_entities Required: id Enables notifications for updates from the specified user to the authenticating user. Returns the specified user when successful. Returns: BasicUser end_session Parameters: *none* Required: *none* Ends the session of the authenticating user, returning a null cookie. Use this method to sign users out of client-facing applications like widgets. Returns: Error favorites Parameters: id, page, include_entities Required: *none* Returns the 20 most recent favorite statuses for the authenticating user or user specified by the ID parameter. Returns: ArrayRef[Status] followers_ids followers_ids(id) Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, cursor Required: id Returns a reference to an array of numeric IDs for every user following the specified user. The order of the IDs may change from call to call. To obtain the screen names, pass the arrayref to "lookup_users". Use the optional "cursor" parameter to retrieve IDs in pages of 5000. When the "cursor" parameter is used, the return value is a reference to a hash with keys "previous_cursor", "next_cursor", and "ids". The value of "ids" is a reference to an array of IDS of the user's followers. Set the optional "cursor" parameter to -1 to get the first page of IDs. Set it to the prior return's value of "previous_cursor" or "next_cursor" to page forward or backwards. When there are no prior pages, the value of "previous_cursor" will be 0. When there are no subsequent pages, the value of "next_cursor" will be 0. Returns: HashRef|ArrayRef[Int] friends_ids friends_ids(id) alias: following_ids Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, cursor Required: id Returns a reference to an array of numeric IDs for every user followed by the specified user. The order of the IDs is reverse chronological. Use the optional "cursor" parameter to retrieve IDs in pages of 5000. When the "cursor" parameter is used, the return value is a reference to a hash with keys "previous_cursor", "next_cursor", and "ids". The value of "ids" is a reference to an array of IDS of the user's friends. Set the optional "cursor" parameter to -1 to get the first page of IDs. Set it to the prior return's value of "previous_cursor" or "next_cursor" to page forward or backwards. When there are no prior pages, the value of "previous_cursor" will be 0. When there are no subsequent pages, the value of "next_cursor" will be 0. Returns: HashRef|ArrayRef[Int] friendship_exists friendship_exists(user_a, user_b) alias: relationship_exists alias: follows Parameters: user_id_a, user_id_b, screen_name_a, screen_name_b, user_a, user_b Required: user_a, user_b Tests for the existence of friendship between two users. Will return true if user_a follows user_b, otherwise will return false. Use of "user_a" and "user_b" is deprecated. It has been preserved for backwards compatibility, and is used for the two-argument positional form: $nt->friendship_exists($user_a, $user_b); Instead, you should use one of the named argument forms: $nt->friendship_exists({ user_id_a => $id1, user_id_b => $id2 }); $nt->friendship_exists({ screen_name_a => $name1, screen_name_b => $name2 }); Consider using "show_friendship" instead. Returns: Bool friendships_incoming friendships_incoming(cursor) Parameters: cursor Required: cursor Returns an HASH ref with an array of numeric IDs in the "ids" element for every user who has a pending request to follow the authenticating user. Returns: HashRef friendships_outgoing friendships_outgoing(cursor) Parameters: cursor Required: cursor Returns an HASH ref with an array of numeric IDs in the "ids" element for every protected user for whom the authenticating user has a pending follow request. Returns: HashRef geo_id geo_id(id) Parameters: id Required: id Returns details of a place returned from the "reverse_geocode" method. Returns: HashRef geo_search Parameters: lat, long, query, ip, granularity, accuracy, max_results, contained_within, attribute:street_address, callback Required: *none* Search for places that can be attached to a statuses/update. Given a latitude and a longitude pair, an IP address, or a name, this request will return a list of all the valid places that can be used as the place_id when updating a status. Conceptually, a query can be made from the user's location, retrieve a list of places, have the user validate the location he or she is at, and then send the ID of this location with a call to statuses/update. This is the recommended method to use find places that can be attached to statuses/update. Unlike geo/reverse_geocode which provides raw data access, this endpoint can potentially re-order places with regards to the user who is authenticated. This approach is also preferred for interactive place matching with the user. Returns: HashRef get_configuration Parameters: *none* Required: *none* Returns the current configuration used by Twitter including twitter.com slugs which are not usernames, maximum photo resolutions, and t.co URL lengths. It is recommended applications request this endpoint when they are loaded, but no more than once a day. Returns: HashRef get_languages Parameters: *none* Required: *none* Returns the list of languages supported by Twitter along with their ISO 639-1 code. The ISO 639-1 code is the two letter value to use if you include lang with any of your requests. Returns: ArrayRef[Lanugage] get_list Parameters: list_id, slug, owner_screen_name, owner_id Required: *none* Returns the specified list. Private lists will only be shown if the authenticated user owns the specified list. Returns: List get_lists alias: list_lists Parameters: user_id, screen_name, cursor Required: *none* Returns the lists of the specified (or authenticated) user. Private lists will be included if the authenticated user is the same as the user whose lists are being returned. Returns: Hashref get_privacy_policy Parameters: *none* Required: *none* Returns Twitter's privacy policy. Returns: HashRef get_tos Parameters: *none* Required: *none* Returns the Twitter Terms of Service. These are not the same as the Developer Rules of the Road. Returns: HashRef home_timeline Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, page, skip_user, exclude_replies, contributor_details, include_rts, include_entities, trim_user, include_my_retweet Required: *none* Returns the 20 most recent statuses, including retweets, posted by the authenticating user and that user's friends. This is the equivalent of /timeline/home on the Web. Returns: ArrayRef[Status] is_list_member Parameters: owner_screen_name, owner_id, list_id, slug, user_id, screen_name, include_entities, skip_status Required: *none* Check if the specified user is a member of the specified list. Returns the user or undef. Returns: Maybe[User] is_list_subscriber alias: is_subscribed_list Parameters: owner_screen_name, owner_id, list_id, slug, user_id, screen_name, include_entities, skip_status Required: *none* Check if the specified user is a subscriber of the specified list. Returns the user or undef. Returns: Maybe[User] list_members Parameters: list_id, slug, owner_screen_name, owner_id, cursor, include_entities, skip_status Required: *none* Returns the members of the specified list. Private list members will only be shown if the authenticated user owns the specified list. Returns: Hashref list_memberships Parameters: user_id, screen_name, cursor, filter_to_owned_lists Required: *none* Returns the lists the specified user has been added to. If user_id or screen_name are not provided the memberships for the authenticating user are returned. Returns: Hashref list_statuses Parameters: list_id, slug, owner_screen_name, owner_id, since_id, max_id, per_page, page, include_entities, include_rts Required: *none* Returns tweet timeline for members of the specified list. Historically, retweets were not available in list timeline responses but you can now use the include_rts=true parameter to additionally receive retweet objects. Returns: ArrayRef[Status] list_subscribers Parameters: list_id, slug, owner_screen_name, owner_id, cursor, include_entities, skip_status Required: *none* Returns the subscribers of the specified list. Private list subscribers will only be shown if the authenticated user owns the specified list. Returns: Hashref lookup_friendships Parameters: user_id, screen_name Required: *none* Returns the relationship of the authenticating user to the comma separated list or ARRAY ref of up to 100 screen_names or user_ids provided. Values for connections can be: following, following_requested, followed_by, none. Requires authentication. Returns: ArrayRef lookup_users Parameters: user_id, screen_name, include_entities Required: *none* Return up to 100 users worth of extended information, specified by either ID, screen name, or combination of the two. The author's most recent status (if the authenticating user has permission) will be returned inline. This method is rate limited to 1000 calls per hour. This method will accept user IDs or screen names as either a comma delimited string, or as an ARRAY ref. It will also accept arguments in the normal HASHREF form or as a simple list of named arguments. I.e., any of the following forms are acceptable: $nt->lookup_users({ user_id => '1234,6543,3333' }); $nt->lookup_users(user_id => '1234,6543,3333'); $nt->lookup_users({ user_id => [ 1234, 6543, 3333 ] }); $nt->lookup_users({ screen_name => 'fred,barney,wilma' }); $nt->lookup_users(screen_name => ['fred', 'barney', 'wilma']); $nt->lookup_users( screen_name => ['fred', 'barney' ], user_id => '4321,6789', ); Returns: ArrayRef[User] members_create_all alias: add_list_members Parameters: list_id, slug, owner_screen_name, owner_id Required: *none* Adds multiple members to a list, by specifying a reference to an array or a comma-separated list of member ids or screen names. The authenticated user must own the list to be able to add members to it. Note that lists can't have more than 500 members, and you are limited to adding up to 100 members to a list at a time with this method. Returns: List members_destroy_all alias: remove_list_members Parameters: list_id, slug, user_id, screen_name, owner_screen_name, owner_id Required: *none* Removes multiple members from a list, by specifying a reference to an array of member ids or screen names, or a string of comma separated user ids or screen names. The authenticated user must own the list to be able to remove members from it. Note that lists can't have more than 500 members, and you are limited to removing up to 100 members to a list at a time with this method. Please note that there can be issues with lists that rapidly remove and add memberships. Take care when using these methods such that you are not too rapidly switching between removals and adds on the same list. Returns: List mentions alias: replies Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, page, trim_user, include_rts, include_entities Required: *none* Returns the 20 most recent mentions (statuses containing @username) for the authenticating user. Returns: ArrayRef[Status] new_direct_message new_direct_message(user, text) Parameters: user, text, screen_name, user_id, include_entities Required: user, text Sends a new direct message to the specified user from the authenticating user. Requires both the user and text parameters. Returns the sent message when successful. In order to support numeric screen names, the "screen_name" or "user_id" parameters may be used instead of "user". Returns: DirectMessage no_retweet_ids Parameters: *none* Required: *none* Returns an ARRAY ref of user IDs for which the authenticating user does not want to receive retweets. Returns: ArrayRef[UserIDs] public_timeline Parameters: skip_user, trim_user, include_entities Required: *none* Returns the 20 most recent statuses from non-protected users who have set a custom user icon. Does not require authentication. Note that the public timeline is cached for 60 seconds so requesting it more often than that is a waste of resources. If user credentials are provided, "public_timeline" calls are authenticated, so they count against the authenticated user's rate limit. Use "->public_timeline({ authenticate => 0 })" to make an unauthenticated call which will count against the calling IP address' rate limit, instead. Returns: ArrayRef[Status] rate_limit_status Parameters: *none* Required: *none* Returns the remaining number of API requests available to the authenticated user before the API limit is reached for the current hour. Use "->rate_limit_status({ authenticate => 0 })" to force an unauthenticated call, which will return the status for the IP address rather than the authenticated user. (Note: for a web application, this is the server's IP address.) Returns: RateLimitStatus related_results related_results(id) Parameters: id Required: id If available, returns an array of replies and mentions related to the specified status. There is no guarantee there will be any replies or mentions in the response. This method is only available to users who have access to #newtwitter. Requires authentication. Returns: ArrayRef[Status] report_spam report_spam(id) Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, include_entities Required: id The user specified in the id is blocked by the authenticated user and reported as a spammer. Returns: User retweet retweet(id) Parameters: id, include_entities, trim_user Required: id Retweets a tweet. Requires the id parameter of the tweet you are retweeting. Returns the original tweet with retweet details embedded. Returns: Status retweeted_by retweeted_by(id) Parameters: id, count, page, trim_user, include_entities Required: id Returns up to 100 users who retweeted the status identified by "id". Returns: ArrayRef[User] retweeted_by_ids retweeted_by_ids(id) Parameters: id, count, page, trim_user, include_entities Required: id Returns the IDs of up to 100 users who retweeted the status identified by "id". Returns: ArrayRef[User] retweeted_by_me Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, page, trim_user, include_entities Required: *none* Returns the 20 most recent retweets posted by the authenticating user. Returns: ArrayRef[Status] retweeted_by_user retweeted_by_user(id) Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name Required: id Returns the 20 most recent retweets posted by the specified user. The user is specified using the user_id or screen_name parameters. This method is identical to "retweeted_by_me" except you can choose the user to view. Does not require authentication, unless the user is protected. Returns: ArrayRef retweeted_to_me Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, page Required: *none* Returns the 20 most recent retweets posted by the authenticating user's friends. Returns: ArrayRef[Status] retweeted_to_user retweeted_to_user(id) Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name Required: id Returns the 20 most recent retweets posted by users the specified user follows. The user is specified using the user_id or screen_name parameters. This method is identical to "retweeted_to_me" except you can choose the user to view. Does not require authentication, unless the user is protected. Returns: ArrayRef retweets retweets(id) Parameters: id, count, trim_user, include_entities Required: id Returns up to 100 of the first retweets of a given tweet. Returns: Arrayref[Status] retweets_of_me alias: retweeted_of_me Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, page, trim_user, include_entities Required: *none* Returns the 20 most recent tweets of the authenticated user that have been retweeted by others. Returns: ArrayRef[Status] reverse_geocode reverse_geocode(lat, long) Parameters: lat, long, accuracy, granularity, max_results Required: lat, long Search for places (cities and neighborhoods) that can be attached to a statuses/update. Given a latitude and a longitude, return a list of all the valid places that can be used as a place_id when updating a status. Conceptually, a query can be made from the user's location, retrieve a list of places, have the user validate the location he or she is at, and then send the ID of this location up with a call to statuses/update. There are multiple granularities of places that can be returned -- "neighborhoods", "cities", etc. At this time, only United States data is available through this method. lat Required. The latitude to query about. Valid ranges are -90.0 to +90.0 (North is positive) inclusive. long Required. The longitude to query about. Valid ranges are -180.0 to +180.0 (East is positive) inclusive. accuracy Optional. A hint on the "region" in which to search. If a number, then this is a radius in meters, but it can also take a string that is suffixed with ft to specify feet. If this is not passed in, then it is assumed to be 0m. If coming from a device, in practice, this value is whatever accuracy the device has measuring its location (whether it be coming from a GPS, WiFi triangulation, etc.). granularity Optional. The minimal granularity of data to return. If this is not passed in, then "neighborhood" is assumed. "city" can also be passed. max_results Optional. A hint as to the number of results to return. This does not guarantee that the number of results returned will equal max_results, but instead informs how many "nearby" results to return. Ideally, only pass in the number of places you intend to display to the user here. Returns: HashRef saved_searches Parameters: *none* Required: *none* Returns the authenticated user's saved search queries. Returns: ArrayRef[SavedSearch] sent_direct_messages Parameters: since_id, max_id, page, count, include_entities Required: *none* Returns a list of the 20 most recent direct messages sent by the authenticating user including detailed information about the sending and recipient users. Returns: ArrayRef[DirectMessage] show_direct_message show_direct_message(id) Parameters: id, include_entities Required: id Returns a single direct message, specified by an id parameter. Like the "direct_messages" request, this method will include the user objects of the sender and recipient. Requires authentication. Returns: HashRef show_friendship show_friendship(id) alias: show_relationship Parameters: source_id, source_screen_name, target_id, target_id_name Required: id Returns detailed information about the relationship between two users. Returns: Relationship show_saved_search show_saved_search(id) Parameters: id Required: id Retrieve the data for a saved search, by "id", owned by the authenticating user. Returns: SavedSearch show_status show_status(id) Parameters: id, trim_user, include_entities Required: id Returns a single status, specified by the id parameter. The status's author will be returned inline. Returns: Status show_user show_user(id) Parameters: id, screen_name, include_entities Required: id Returns extended information of a given user, specified by ID or screen name as per the required id parameter. This information includes design settings, so third party developers can theme their widgets according to a given user's preferences. You must be properly authenticated to request the page of a protected user. Returns: ExtendedUser similar_places similar_places(lat, long, name) Parameters: lat, long, name, contained_within, attribute:street_address, callback Required: lat, long, name Locates places near the given coordinates which are similar in name. Conceptually you would use this method to get a list of known places to choose from first. Then, if the desired place doesn't exist, make a request to "add_place" to create a new one. The token contained in the response is the token needed to be able to create a new place. Returns: HashRef subscribe_list Parameters: owner_screen_name, owner_id, list_id, slug Required: *none* Subscribes the authenticated user to the specified list. Returns: List subscriptions Parameters: user_id, screen_name, count, cursor Required: *none* Obtain a collection of the lists the specified user is subscribed to, 20 lists per page by default. Does not include the user's own lists. Returns: ArrayRef[List] suggestion_categories Parameters: *none* Required: *none* Returns the list of suggested user categories. The category slug can be used in the "user_suggestions" API method get the users in that category . Does not require authentication. Returns: ArrayRef test Parameters: *none* Required: *none* Returns the string "ok" status code. Returns: Str trends_available Parameters: lat, long Required: *none* Returns the locations with trending topic information. The response is an array of "locations" that encode the location's WOEID (a Yahoo! Where On Earth ID ) and some other human-readable information such as a the location's canonical name and country. When the optional "lat" and "long" parameters are passed, the available trend locations are sorted by distance from that location, nearest to farthest. Use the WOEID returned in the location object to query trends for a specific location. Returns: ArrayRef[Location] trends_current trends_current(exclude) Parameters: exclude Required: *none* Returns the current top ten trending topics on Twitter. The response includes the time of the request, the name of each trending topic, and query used on Twitter Search results page for that topic. Returns: HashRef trends_daily Parameters: date, exclude Required: *none* Returns the top 20 trending topics for each hour in a given day. Returns: HashRef trends_location trends_location(woeid) Parameters: woeid Required: woeid Returns the top 10 trending topics for a specific location. The response is an array of "trend" objects that encode the name of the trending topic, the query parameter that can be used to search for the topic on Search, and the direct URL that can be issued against Search. This information is cached for five minutes, and therefore users are discouraged from querying these endpoints faster than once every five minutes. Global trends information is also available from this API by using a WOEID of 1. Returns: ArrayRef[Trend] trends_weekly Parameters: date, exclude Required: *none* Returns the top 30 trending topics for each day in a given week. Returns: HashRef unsubscribe_list Parameters: list_id, slug, owner_screen_name, owner_id Required: *none* Unsubscribes the authenticated user from the specified list. Returns: List update update(status) Parameters: status, lat, long, place_id, display_coordinates, in_reply_to_status_id, trim_user, include_entities Required: status Updates the authenticating user's status. Requires the status parameter specified. A status update with text identical to the authenticating user's current status will be ignored. status Required. The text of your status update. URL encode as necessary. Statuses over 140 characters will cause a 403 error to be returned from the API. in_reply_to_status_id Optional. The ID of an existing status that the update is in reply to. o Note: This parameter will be ignored unless the author of the tweet this parameter references is mentioned within the status text. Therefore, you must include @username, where username is the author of the referenced tweet, within the update. lat Optional. The location's latitude that this tweet refers to. The valid ranges for latitude is -90.0 to +90.0 (North is positive) inclusive. This parameter will be ignored if outside that range, if it is not a number, if geo_enabled is disabled, or if there not a corresponding long parameter with this tweet. long Optional. The location's longitude that this tweet refers to. The valid ranges for longitude is -180.0 to +180.0 (East is positive) inclusive. This parameter will be ignored if outside that range, if it is not a number, if geo_enabled is disabled, or if there not a corresponding lat parameter with this tweet. place_id Optional. The place to attach to this status update. Valid place_ids can be found by querying "reverse_geocode". display_coordinates Optional. By default, geo-tweets will have their coordinates exposed in the status object (to remain backwards compatible with existing API applications). To turn off the display of the precise latitude and longitude (but keep the contextual location information), pass "display_coordinates =" 0> on the status update. Returns: Status update_delivery_device update_delivery_device(device) Parameters: device Required: device Sets which device Twitter delivers updates to for the authenticating user. Sending none as the device parameter will disable IM or SMS updates. Returns: BasicUser update_friendship update_friendship(id) Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, device, retweets Required: id Allows you enable or disable retweets and device notifications from the specified user. All other values are assumed to be false. Requires authentication. Returns: HashRef update_list Parameters: list_id, slug, name, mode, description, owner_screen_name, owner_id Required: *none* Updates the specified list. The authenticated user must own the list to be able to update it. Returns: List update_profile Parameters: name, email, url, location, description, include_entities Required: *none* Sets values that users are able to set under the "Account" tab of their settings page. Only the parameters specified will be updated; to only update the "name" attribute, for example, only include that parameter in your request. Returns: ExtendedUser update_profile_background_image update_profile_background_image(image) Parameters: image, use Required: image Updates the authenticating user's profile background image. The "image" parameter must be an arrayref with the same interpretation as the "image" parameter in the "update_profile_image" method. The "use" parameter allows you to specify whether to use the uploaded profile background or not. See that method's documentation for details. Returns: ExtendedUser update_profile_colors Parameters: profile_background_color, profile_text_color, profile_link_color, profile_sidebar_fill_color, profile_sidebar_border_color Required: *none* Sets one or more hex values that control the color scheme of the authenticating user's profile page on twitter.com. These values are also returned in the /users/show API method. Returns: ExtendedUser update_profile_image update_profile_image(image) Parameters: image Required: image Updates the authenticating user's profile image. The "image" parameter is an arrayref with the following interpretation: [ $file ] [ $file, $filename ] [ $file, $filename, Content_Type => $mime_type ] [ undef, $filename, Content_Type => $mime_type, Content => $raw_image_data ] The first value of the array ($file) is the name of a file to open. The second value ($filename) is the name given to Twitter for the file. If $filename is not provided, the basename portion of $file is used. If $mime_type is not provided, it will be provided automatically using LWP::MediaTypes::guess_media_type(). $raw_image_data can be provided, rather than opening a file, by passing "undef" as the first array value. Returns: ExtendedUser update_with_media update_with_media(status, media) Parameters: status, media[], possibly_sensitive, in_reply_to_status_id, lat, long, place_id, display_coordinates Required: status, media Updates the authenticating user's status and attaches media for upload. The "media[]" parameter is an arrayref with the following interpretation: [ $file ] [ $file, $filename ] [ $file, $filename, Content_Type => $mime_type ] [ undef, $filename, Content_Type => $mime_type, Content => $raw_image_data ] The first value of the array ($file) is the name of a file to open. The second value ($filename) is the name given to Twitter for the file. If $filename is not provided, the basename portion of $file is used. If $mime_type is not provided, it will be provided automatically using LWP::MediaTypes::guess_media_type(). $raw_image_data can be provided, rather than opening a file, by passing "undef" as the first array value. The Tweet text will be rewritten to include the media URL(s), which will reduce the number of characters allowed in the Tweet text. If the URL(s) cannot be appended without text truncation, the tweet will be rejected and this method will return an HTTP 403 error. Returns: Status user_suggestions user_suggestions(category) alias: follow_suggestions Parameters: category, lang Required: category Access the users in a given category of the Twitter suggested user list and return their most recent status if they are not a protected user. Currently supported values for optional parameter "lang" are "en", "fr", "de", "es", "it". Does not require authentication. Returns: ArrayRef user_timeline Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, since_id, max_id, count, page, skip_user, trim_user, include_entities, include_rts Required: *none* Returns the 20 most recent statuses posted from the authenticating user. It's also possible to request another user's timeline via the id parameter. This is the equivalent of the Web /archive page for your own user, or the profile page for a third party. Returns: ArrayRef[Status] users_search users_search(q) alias: find_people alias: search_users Parameters: q, per_page, page, include_entities Required: q Run a search for users similar to Find People button on Twitter.com; the same results returned by people search on Twitter.com will be returned by using this API (about being listed in the People Search). It is only possible to retrieve the first 1000 matches from this API. Returns: ArrayRef[Users] verify_credentials verify_credentials(include_entities) Parameters: include_entities Required: *none* Returns an HTTP 200 OK response code and a representation of the requesting user if authentication was successful; returns a 401 status code and an error message if not. Use this method to test if supplied user credentials are valid. Returns: ExtendedUser Search API Methods search search(q) Parameters: q, callback, lang, locale, rpp, page, since_id, until, geocode, show_user, result_type Required: q Returns a HASH reference with some meta-data about the query including the "next_page", "refresh_url", and "max_id". The statuses are returned in "results". To iterate over the results, use something similar to: my $r = $nt->search($searh_term); for my $status ( @{$r->{results}} ) { print "$status->{text}\n"; } Returns: HashRef ERROR HANDLING When "Net::Twitter::Lite" encounters a Twitter API error or a network error, it throws a "Net::Twitter::Lite::Error" object. You can catch and process these exceptions by using "eval" blocks and testing $@: eval { my $statuses = $nt->friends_timeline(); # this might die! for my $status ( @$statuses ) { #... } }; if ( $@ ) { # friends_timeline encountered an error if ( blessed $@ && $@->isa('Net::Twitter::Lite::Error' ) { #... use the thrown error obj warn $@->error; } else { # something bad happened! die $@; } } "Net::Twitter::Lite::Error" stringifies to something reasonable, so if you don't need detailed error information, you can simply treat $@ as a string: eval { $nt->update($status) }; if ( $@ ) { warn "update failed because: $@\n"; } AUTHENTICATION Net::Twitter::Lite currently supports both Basic Authentication and OAuth. The choice of authentication strategies is determined by the options passed to "new" or the use of the "credentials" method. An error will be thrown if options for both strategies are provided. BASIC AUTHENTICATION To use Basic Authentication, pass the "username" and "password" options to "new", or call "credentials" to set them. When Basic Authentication is used, the "Authorization" header is set on each authenticated API call. OAUTH AUTHENTICATION To use OAuth authentication, pass the "consumer_key" and "consumer_secret" options to new. Net::OAuth::Simple must be installed in order to use OAuth and an error will be thrown if OAuth is attempted without it. Net::Twitter::Lite does not *require* Net::OAuth::Simple, making OAuth an optional feature. OAUTH EXAMPLES See the "examples" directory included in this distribution for full working examples using OAuth. Here's how to authorize users as a desktop app mode: use Net::Twitter::Lite; my $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new( consumer_key => "YOUR-CONSUMER-KEY", consumer_secret => "YOUR-CONSUMER-SECRET", ); # You'll save the token and secret in cookie, config file or session database my($access_token, $access_token_secret) = restore_tokens(); if ($access_token && $access_token_secret) { $nt->access_token($access_token); $nt->access_token_secret($access_token_secret); } unless ( $nt->authorized ) { # The client is not yet authorized: Do it now print "Authorize this app at ", $nt->get_authorization_url, " and enter the PIN#\n"; my $pin = ; # wait for input chomp $pin; my($access_token, $access_token_secret, $user_id, $screen_name) = $nt->request_access_token(verifier => $pin); save_tokens($access_token, $access_token_secret); # if necessary } # Everything's ready In a web application mode, you need to save the oauth_token and oauth_token_secret somewhere when you redirect the user to the OAuth authorization URL. sub twitter_authorize : Local { my($self, $c) = @_; my $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new(%param); my $url = $nt->get_authorization_url(callback => $callbackurl); $c->response->cookies->{oauth} = { value => { token => $nt->request_token, token_secret => $nt->request_token_secret, }, }; $c->response->redirect($url); } And when the user returns back, you'll reset those request token and secret to upgrade the request token to access token. sub twitter_auth_callback : Local { my($self, $c) = @_; my %cookie = $c->request->cookies->{oauth}->value; my $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new(%param); $nt->request_token($cookie{token}); $nt->request_token_secret($cookie{token_secret}); my $verifier = $c->req->param->{oauth_verifier}; my($access_token, $access_token_secret, $user_id, $screen_name) = $nt->request_access_token(verifier => $verifier); # Save $access_token and $access_token_secret in the database associated with $c->user } Later on, you can retrieve and reset those access token and secret before calling any Twitter API methods. sub make_tweet : Local { my($self, $c) = @_; my($access_token, $access_token_secret) = ...; my $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new(%param); $nt->access_token($access_token); $nt->access_token_secret($access_token_secret); # Now you can call any Net::Twitter::Lite API methods on $nt my $status = $c->req->param('status'); my $res = $nt->update({ status => $status }); } SEE ALSO Net::Twitter::Lite::WithAPIv1_1 With support for Twitter API v1.1 Net::Twitter::Lite::Error The "Net::Twitter::Lite" exception object. This is the official Twitter API documentation. It describes the methods and their parameters in more detail and may be more current than the documentation provided with this module. LWP::UserAgent::POE This LWP::UserAgent compatible class can be used in POE based application along with Net::Twitter::Lite to provide concurrent, non-blocking requests. SUPPORT Please report bugs to "bug-net-twitter@rt.cpan.org", or through the web interface at . Join the Net::Twitter IRC channel at . Follow perl_api: . Track Net::Twitter::Lite development at . AUTHOR Marc Mims LICENSE Copyright (c) 2013 Marc Mims This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.