WetHumidGasPvt.hpp

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// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
/*
  This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
 
  OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.
 
  OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.
 
  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with OPM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
  Consult the COPYING file in the top-level source directory of this
  module for the precise wording of the license and the list of
  copyright holders.
*/
#ifndef OPM_WET_HUMID_GAS_PVT_HPP
#define OPM_WET_HUMID_GAS_PVT_HPP
 
#include <opm/common/Exceptions.hpp>
#include <opm/common/OpmLog/OpmLog.hpp>
 
#include <opm/material/common/MathToolbox.hpp>
#include <opm/material/common/UniformXTabulated2DFunction.hpp>
#include <opm/material/common/Tabulated1DFunction.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/BlackOilFunctions.hpp>
 
#include <cstddef>
 
namespace Opm {
 
class EclipseState;
class Schedule;
class SimpleTable;

template <class Scalar>
class WetHumidGasPvt
{
    using SamplingPoints = std::vector<std::pair<Scalar, Scalar>>;
 
public:
    using TabulatedTwoDFunction = UniformXTabulated2DFunction<Scalar>;
    using TabulatedOneDFunction = Tabulated1DFunction<Scalar>;

    void initFromState(const EclipseState& eclState, const Schedule& schedule);
 
private:
    void extendPvtgwTable_(unsigned regionIdx,
                          unsigned xIdx,
                          const SimpleTable& curTable,
                         const SimpleTable& masterTable);
 
    void extendPvtgTable_(unsigned regionIdx,
                          unsigned xIdx,
                          const SimpleTable& curTable,
                          const SimpleTable& masterTable);
 
public:
    void setNumRegions(std::size_t numRegions);
 
    void setVapPars(const Scalar par1, const Scalar)
    {
        vapPar1_ = par1;
    }

    void setReferenceDensities(unsigned regionIdx,
                               Scalar rhoRefOil,
                               Scalar rhoRefGas,
                               Scalar rhoRefWater);

    void setSaturatedGasWaterVaporizationFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                                const SamplingPoints& samplePoints)
    { saturatedWaterVaporizationFactorTable_[regionIdx].setContainerOfTuples(samplePoints); }

    void setSaturatedGasOilVaporizationFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                              const SamplingPoints& samplePoints)
    { saturatedOilVaporizationFactorTable_[regionIdx].setContainerOfTuples(samplePoints); }

    void initEnd();

    unsigned numRegions() const
    { return gasReferenceDensity_.size(); }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation internalEnergy(unsigned,
                              const Evaluation&,
                              const Evaluation&,
                              const Evaluation&,
                              const Evaluation&) const
    {
        throw std::runtime_error("Requested the enthalpy of gas but the thermal "
                                 "option is not enabled");
    }
 
    Scalar hVap(unsigned) const
    {
        throw std::runtime_error("Requested the hvap of oil but the thermal "
                                 "option is not enabled");
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation viscosity(unsigned regionIdx,
                         const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                         const Evaluation& pressure,
                         const Evaluation& Rv,
                         const Evaluation& Rvw) const
    {
        const Evaluation& temperature = 1E30;
 
        if (Rv >= (1.0 - 1e-10) * saturatedOilVaporizationFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure)) {
            const Evaluation& invBg = inverseGasBRvSat_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, Rvw, /*extrapolate=*/true);
            const Evaluation& invMugBg = inverseGasBMuRvSat_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, Rvw, /*extrapolate=*/true);
            return invBg / invMugBg;
        }
        else {
            // for Rv undersaturated viscosity is evaluated at saturated Rvw values
            const Evaluation& invBg = inverseGasBRvwSat_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, Rv, /*extrapolate=*/true);
            const Evaluation& invMugBg = inverseGasBMuRvwSat_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, Rv, /*extrapolate=*/true);
            return invBg / invMugBg;
        }
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedViscosity(unsigned regionIdx,
                                  const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                  const Evaluation& pressure) const
    {
        const Evaluation& invBg = inverseSaturatedGasB_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        const Evaluation& invMugBg = inverseSaturatedGasBMu_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, /*extrapolate=*/true);
 
        return invBg / invMugBg;
    }

    // template <class Evaluation>
    // Evaluation inverseFormationVolumeFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
    //                                         const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
    //                                         const Evaluation& pressure,
    //                                         const Evaluation& Rw) const
    // { return inverseGasB_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, Rw, /*extrapolate=*/true); }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation inverseFormationVolumeFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                            const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                            const Evaluation& pressure,
                                            const Evaluation& Rv,
                                            const Evaluation& Rvw) const
    {
        const Evaluation& temperature = 1E30;
 
        if (Rv >= (1.0 - 1e-10) * saturatedOilVaporizationFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure)) {
            return inverseGasBRvSat_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, Rvw, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        }
        else {
            // for Rv undersaturated Bg^-1 is evaluated at saturated Rvw values
            return inverseGasBRvwSat_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, Rv, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        }
    }

    template <class FluidState, class LhsEval = typename FluidState::ValueType>
    std::pair<LhsEval, LhsEval>
    inverseFormationVolumeFactorAndViscosity(const FluidState& fluidState, unsigned regionIdx)
    {
        const LhsEval& p = decay<LhsEval>(fluidState.pressure(FluidState::gasPhaseIdx));
        const LhsEval& Rv = decay<LhsEval>(fluidState.Rv());
        const LhsEval& Rvw = decay<LhsEval>(fluidState.Rvw());
        const LhsEval& saltConc
            = BlackOil::template getSaltConcentration_<FluidState, LhsEval>(fluidState, regionIdx);
 
        // It is not guaranteed that the oil and water vaporization
        // factor tables, and also the saturated B and Mu tables, have
        // the same pressure sample points. Therefore we do not bother
        // to separately call findSegmentIndex() and eval() here.
        const auto RvSat = this->saturatedOilVaporizationFactorTable_[regionIdx].eval(p, /*extrapolate=*/ true);
        // TODO: check that handling of salt concentration is correct, it seems to only affect the saturation curve.
        const auto RvwSat = enableRwgSalt_
            ? this->saturatedWaterVaporizationSaltFactorTable_[regionIdx].eval(p, saltConc, /*extrapolate=*/ true)
            : this->saturatedWaterVaporizationFactorTable_[regionIdx].eval(p, /*extrapolate=*/true);
 
        const bool waterSaturated = (fluidState.saturation(FluidState::waterPhaseIdx) > 0.0) && (Rvw >= (1.0 - 1e-10) * RvwSat);
        const bool oilSaturated = (fluidState.saturation(FluidState::oilPhaseIdx) > 0.0) && (Rv >= (1.0 - 1e-10) * RvSat);
 
        if (waterSaturated && oilSaturated) {
            const auto satSegIdx = this->inverseSaturatedGasB_[regionIdx].findSegmentIndex(p, /*extrapolate=*/ true);
            const LhsEval b = this->inverseSaturatedGasB_[regionIdx].eval(p, SegmentIndex{satSegIdx});
            const LhsEval invBMu = this->inverseSaturatedGasBMu_[regionIdx].eval(p, SegmentIndex{satSegIdx});
            const LhsEval mu = b / invBMu;
            return { b, mu };
        } else if (oilSaturated) {
            unsigned ii, jj1, jj2;
            LhsEval alpha, beta1, beta2;
            this->inverseGasBRvSat_[regionIdx].findPoints(ii, jj1, jj2, alpha, beta1, beta2, p, Rvw, /*extrapolate =*/ true);
            const LhsEval b = this->inverseGasBRvSat_[regionIdx].eval(ii, jj1, jj2, alpha, beta1, beta2);
            const LhsEval invBMu = this->inverseGasBMuRvSat_[regionIdx].eval(ii, jj1, jj2, alpha, beta1, beta2);
            const LhsEval mu = b / invBMu;
            return { b, mu };
        } else {
            // At this point, we assume waterSaturated is true, but this is not checked.
            unsigned ii, jj1, jj2;
            LhsEval alpha, beta1, beta2;
            this->inverseGasBRvwSat_[regionIdx].findPoints(ii, jj1, jj2, alpha, beta1, beta2, p, Rv, /*extrapolate =*/ true);
            const LhsEval b = this->inverseGasBRvwSat_[regionIdx].eval(ii, jj1, jj2, alpha, beta1, beta2);
            const LhsEval invBMu = this->inverseGasBMuRvwSat_[regionIdx].eval(ii, jj1, jj2, alpha, beta1, beta2);
            const LhsEval mu = b / invBMu;
            return { b, mu };
        }
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedInverseFormationVolumeFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                                     const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                                     const Evaluation& pressure) const
    { return inverseSaturatedGasB_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, /*extrapolate=*/true); }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedWaterVaporizationFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                                const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                                const Evaluation& pressure) const
    {
        return saturatedWaterVaporizationFactorTable_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, /*extrapolate=*/true);
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedWaterVaporizationFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                                const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                                const Evaluation& pressure,
                                                const Evaluation& saltConcentration) const
    {
        if (enableRwgSalt_) {
            return saturatedWaterVaporizationSaltFactorTable_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, saltConcentration, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        }
        else {
            return saturatedWaterVaporizationFactorTable_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        }
    }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedOilVaporizationFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                              const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                              const Evaluation& pressure) const
    {
        return saturatedOilVaporizationFactorTable_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, /*extrapolate=*/true);
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedOilVaporizationFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                              const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                              const Evaluation& pressure,
                                              const Evaluation& oilSaturation,
                                              Evaluation maxOilSaturation) const
    {
        Evaluation tmp =
            saturatedOilVaporizationFactorTable_[regionIdx].eval(pressure, /*extrapolate=*/true);
 
        // apply the vaporization parameters for the gas phase (cf. the Eclipse VAPPARS
        // keyword)
        maxOilSaturation = min(maxOilSaturation, Scalar(1.0));
        if (vapPar1_ > 0.0 && maxOilSaturation > 0.01 && oilSaturation < maxOilSaturation) {
            constexpr const Scalar eps = 0.001;
            const Evaluation& So = max(oilSaturation, eps);
            tmp *= max(1e-3, pow(So / maxOilSaturation, vapPar1_));
        }
 
        return tmp;
    }

    //PJPE assume dependence on Rv
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturationPressure(unsigned regionIdx,
                                  const Evaluation&,
                                  const Evaluation& Rw) const
    {
        using Toolbox = MathToolbox<Evaluation>;
 
        const auto& RwTable = saturatedWaterVaporizationFactorTable_[regionIdx];
        constexpr const Scalar eps = std::numeric_limits<typename Toolbox::Scalar>::epsilon() * 1e6;
 
        // use the tabulated saturation pressure function to get a pretty good initial value
        Evaluation pSat = saturationPressure_[regionIdx].eval(Rw, /*extrapolate=*/true);
 
        // Newton method to do the remaining work. If the initial
        // value is good, this should only take two to three
        // iterations...
        bool onProbation = false;
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
            const Evaluation& f = RwTable.eval(pSat, /*extrapolate=*/true) - Rw;
            const Evaluation& fPrime = RwTable.evalDerivative(pSat, /*extrapolate=*/true);
 
            // If the derivative is "zero" Newton will not converge,
            // so simply return our initial guess.
            if (std::abs(scalarValue(fPrime)) < 1.0e-30) {
                return pSat;
            }
 
            const Evaluation& delta = f / fPrime;
 
            pSat -= delta;
 
            if (pSat < 0.0) {
                // if the pressure is lower than 0 Pascals, we set it back to 0. if this
                // happens twice, we give up and just return 0 Pa...
                if (onProbation) {
                    return 0.0;
                }
 
                onProbation = true;
                pSat = 0.0;
            }
 
            if (std::abs(scalarValue(delta)) < std::abs(scalarValue(pSat))*eps) {
                return pSat;
            }
        }
 
        const std::string msg =
            "Finding saturation pressure did not converge: "
            "pSat = " + std::to_string(getValue(pSat)) +
            ", Rw = " + std::to_string(getValue(Rw));
        OpmLog::debug("Wet gas saturation pressure", msg);
        throw NumericalProblem(msg);
    }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation diffusionCoefficient(const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                    const Evaluation& /*pressure*/,
                                    unsigned /*compIdx*/) const
    {
        throw std::runtime_error("Not implemented: The PVT model does not provide "
                                 "a diffusionCoefficient()");
    }
 
    Scalar gasReferenceDensity(unsigned regionIdx) const
    { return gasReferenceDensity_[regionIdx]; }
 
    Scalar oilReferenceDensity(unsigned regionIdx) const
    { return oilReferenceDensity_[regionIdx]; }
 
    Scalar waterReferenceDensity(unsigned regionIdx) const
    { return waterReferenceDensity_[regionIdx]; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedTwoDFunction>& inverseGasB() const
    { return inverseGasBRvSat_; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& inverseSaturatedGasB() const
    { return inverseSaturatedGasB_; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedTwoDFunction>& gasMu() const
    { return gasMuRvSat_; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedTwoDFunction>& inverseGasBMu() const
    { return inverseGasBMuRvSat_; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& inverseSaturatedGasBMu() const
    { return inverseSaturatedGasBMu_; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& saturatedWaterVaporizationFactorTable() const
    { return saturatedWaterVaporizationFactorTable_; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedTwoDFunction>& saturatedWaterVaporizationSaltFactorTable() const
    { return saturatedWaterVaporizationSaltFactorTable_; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& saturatedOilVaporizationFactorTable() const
    { return saturatedOilVaporizationFactorTable_; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& saturationPressure() const
    { return saturationPressure_; }
 
    Scalar vapPar1() const
    { return vapPar1_; }
 
private:
    void updateSaturationPressure_(unsigned regionIdx);
 
    std::vector<Scalar> gasReferenceDensity_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> oilReferenceDensity_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> waterReferenceDensity_{};
    std::vector<TabulatedTwoDFunction> inverseGasBRvwSat_{};
    std::vector<TabulatedTwoDFunction> inverseGasBRvSat_{};
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> inverseSaturatedGasB_{};
    std::vector<TabulatedTwoDFunction> gasMuRvwSat_{};
    std::vector<TabulatedTwoDFunction> gasMuRvSat_{};
    std::vector<TabulatedTwoDFunction> inverseGasBMuRvwSat_{};
    std::vector<TabulatedTwoDFunction> inverseGasBMuRvSat_{};
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> inverseSaturatedGasBMu_{};
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> saturatedWaterVaporizationFactorTable_{};
    std::vector<TabulatedTwoDFunction> saturatedWaterVaporizationSaltFactorTable_{};
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> saturatedOilVaporizationFactorTable_{};
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> saturationPressure_{};
 
    bool enableRwgSalt_ = false;
    Scalar vapPar1_ = 0.0;
};
 
} // namespace Opm
 
#endif