WaterPvtThermal.hpp

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// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
/*
  This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
 
  OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.
 
  OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.
 
  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with OPM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
  Consult the COPYING file in the top-level source directory of this
  module for the precise wording of the license and the list of
  copyright holders.
*/
#ifndef OPM_WATER_PVT_THERMAL_HPP
#define OPM_WATER_PVT_THERMAL_HPP
 
#include <opm/material/common/Tabulated1DFunction.hpp>
 
#include <cstddef>
 
namespace Opm {
 
class EclipseState;
class Schedule;
 
template <class Scalar, bool enableThermal, bool enableBrine>
class WaterPvtMultiplexer;

template <class Scalar, bool enableBrine>
class WaterPvtThermal
{
public:
    using TabulatedOneDFunction = Tabulated1DFunction<Scalar>;
    using IsothermalPvt = WaterPvtMultiplexer<Scalar, /*enableThermal=*/false, enableBrine>;
 
    WaterPvtThermal() = default;
 
    WaterPvtThermal(IsothermalPvt* isothermalPvt,
                    const std::vector<Scalar>& viscrefPress,
                    const std::vector<Scalar>& watdentRefTemp,
                    const std::vector<Scalar>& watdentCT1,
                    const std::vector<Scalar>& watdentCT2,
                    const std::vector<Scalar>& watJTRefPres,
                    const std::vector<Scalar>& watJTC,
                    const std::vector<Scalar>& pvtwRefPress,
                    const std::vector<Scalar>& pvtwRefB,
                    const std::vector<Scalar>& pvtwCompressibility,
                    const std::vector<Scalar>& pvtwViscosity,
                    const std::vector<Scalar>& pvtwViscosibility,
                    const std::vector<Scalar>& referenceSaltConcentration,
                    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& watvisctCurves,
                    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& internalEnergyCurves,
                    bool enableThermalDensity,
                    bool enableJouleThomson,
                    bool enableThermalViscosity,
                    bool enableInternalEnergy,
                    bool enableBrineViscosity)
        : isothermalPvt_(isothermalPvt)
        , viscrefPress_(viscrefPress)
        , watdentRefTemp_(watdentRefTemp)
        , watdentCT1_(watdentCT1)
        , watdentCT2_(watdentCT2)
        , watJTRefPres_(watJTRefPres)
        , watJTC_(watJTC)
        , pvtwRefPress_(pvtwRefPress)
        , pvtwRefB_(pvtwRefB)
        , pvtwCompressibility_(pvtwCompressibility)
        , pvtwViscosity_(pvtwViscosity)
        , pvtwViscosibility_(pvtwViscosibility)
        , referenceSaltConcentration_(referenceSaltConcentration)
        , watvisctCurves_(watvisctCurves)
        , internalEnergyCurves_(internalEnergyCurves)
        , enableThermalDensity_(enableThermalDensity)
        , enableJouleThomson_(enableJouleThomson)
        , enableThermalViscosity_(enableThermalViscosity)
        , enableInternalEnergy_(enableInternalEnergy)
        , enableBrineViscosity_(enableBrineViscosity)
    { }
 
    WaterPvtThermal(const WaterPvtThermal& data)
    { *this = data; }
 
    ~WaterPvtThermal()
    { delete isothermalPvt_; }

    void initFromState(const EclipseState& eclState, const Schedule& schedule);

    void setNumRegions(std::size_t numRegions);
 
    void setVapPars(const Scalar par1, const Scalar par2)
    {
        isothermalPvt_->setVapPars(par1, par2);
    }

    void initEnd()
    { }

    bool enableThermalDensity() const
    { return enableThermalDensity_; }

    bool enableJouleThomson() const
    { return enableJouleThomson_; }

    bool enableThermalViscosity() const
    { return enableThermalViscosity_; }
 
    Scalar hVap(unsigned regionIdx) const
    { return this->hVap_[regionIdx]; }
 
    std::size_t numRegions() const
    { return pvtwRefPress_.size(); }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation internalEnergy(unsigned regionIdx,
                              const Evaluation& temperature,
                              const Evaluation& pressure,
                              const Evaluation& Rsw,
                              const Evaluation& saltconcentration) const
    {
        if (!enableInternalEnergy_) {
            throw std::runtime_error("Requested the internal energy of water but it is disabled");
        }
 
        if (!enableJouleThomson_) {
            // compute the specific internal energy for the specified tempature. We use linear
            // interpolation here despite the fact that the underlying heat capacities are
            // piecewise linear (which leads to a quadratic function)
            return internalEnergyCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        }
        else {
            Evaluation Tref = watdentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
            Evaluation Pref = watJTRefPres_[regionIdx];
            Scalar JTC = watJTC_[regionIdx]; // if JTC is default then JTC is calculated
 
            Evaluation invB = inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, Rsw, saltconcentration);
            Evaluation Cp = internalEnergyCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true)/temperature;
            Evaluation density = invB * waterReferenceDensity(regionIdx);
 
            Evaluation enthalpyPres;
            if  (JTC != 0) {
                enthalpyPres = -Cp * JTC * (pressure - Pref);
            }
            else if (enableThermalDensity_) {
                Scalar c1T = watdentCT1_[regionIdx];
                Scalar c2T = watdentCT2_[regionIdx];
 
                Evaluation alpha = (c1T + 2 * c2T * (temperature - Tref)) /
                    (1 + c1T  *(temperature - Tref) + c2T * (temperature - Tref) * (temperature - Tref));
 
                constexpr const int N = 100; // value is experimental
                Evaluation deltaP = (pressure - Pref) / N;
                Evaluation enthalpyPresPrev = 0;
                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
                    Evaluation Pnew = Pref + i * deltaP;
                    Evaluation rho = inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature,
                                                                  Pnew, Rsw, saltconcentration) *
                                      waterReferenceDensity(regionIdx);
                    Evaluation jouleThomsonCoefficient = -(1.0 / Cp) * (1.0 - alpha * temperature) / rho;
                    Evaluation deltaEnthalpyPres = -Cp * jouleThomsonCoefficient * deltaP;
                    enthalpyPres = enthalpyPresPrev + deltaEnthalpyPres;
                    enthalpyPresPrev = enthalpyPres;
                }
            }
            else {
                throw std::runtime_error("Requested Joule-thomson calculation but "
                                         "thermal water density (WATDENT) is not provided");
            }
 
            Evaluation enthalpy = Cp * (temperature - Tref) + enthalpyPres;
 
            return enthalpy - pressure/density;
        }
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation viscosity(unsigned regionIdx,
                         const Evaluation& temperature,
                         const Evaluation& pressure,
                         const Evaluation& Rsw,
                         const Evaluation& saltconcentration) const
    {
        const auto& isothermalMu = isothermalPvt_->viscosity(regionIdx, temperature,
                                                             pressure, Rsw, saltconcentration);
        if (!enableThermalViscosity()) {
            return isothermalMu;
        }
        
        const auto& muWatvisct = watvisctCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, true);
        if (enableBrineViscosity()) {
            auto muRef = isothermalPvt_->viscosity(regionIdx, temperature, Evaluation(viscrefPress_[regionIdx]), Rsw, Evaluation(referenceSaltConcentration_[regionIdx]));
            return isothermalMu * muWatvisct / muRef;
        } else {
            Scalar x = -pvtwViscosibility_[regionIdx] * (viscrefPress_[regionIdx] - pvtwRefPress_[regionIdx]);
            Scalar muRef = pvtwViscosity_[regionIdx] / (1.0 + x + 0.5 * x * x);
            return isothermalMu * muWatvisct / muRef;
        }
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedViscosity(unsigned regionIdx,
                                  const Evaluation& temperature,
                                  const Evaluation& pressure,
                                  const Evaluation& saltconcentration) const
    {
        const auto& isothermalMu = isothermalPvt_->saturatedViscosity(regionIdx, temperature,
                                                                      pressure, saltconcentration);
        if (!enableThermalViscosity()) {
            return isothermalMu;
        }
 
        Scalar x = -pvtwViscosibility_[regionIdx] * (viscrefPress_[regionIdx] -
                                                     pvtwRefPress_[regionIdx]);
        Scalar muRef = pvtwViscosity_[regionIdx] / (1.0 + x + 0.5 * x * x);
 
        // compute the viscosity deviation due to temperature
        const auto& muWatvisct = watvisctCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, true);
        return isothermalMu * muWatvisct / muRef;
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedInverseFormationVolumeFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                                     const Evaluation& temperature,
                                                     const Evaluation& pressure,
                                                     const Evaluation& saltconcentration) const
    {
        Evaluation Rsw = 0.0;
        return inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure,
                                            Rsw, saltconcentration);
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation inverseFormationVolumeFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                            const Evaluation& temperature,
                                            const Evaluation& pressure,
                                            const Evaluation& Rsw,
                                            const Evaluation& saltconcentration) const
    {
        if (!enableThermalDensity()) {
            return isothermalPvt_->inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature,
                                                                pressure, Rsw, saltconcentration);
        }
 
        Scalar BwRef = pvtwRefB_[regionIdx];
        Scalar TRef = watdentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
        const Evaluation& X = pvtwCompressibility_[regionIdx] * (pressure -
                                                                 pvtwRefPress_[regionIdx]);
        Scalar cT1 = watdentCT1_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT2 = watdentCT2_[regionIdx];
        const Evaluation& Y = temperature - TRef;
 
        // this is inconsistent with the density calculation of water in the isothermal
        // case (it misses the quadratic pressure term), but it is the equation given in
        // the documentation.
        return 1.0 / (((1 - X) * (1 + cT1 * Y + cT2 * Y * Y)) * BwRef);
    }

    template <class FluidState, class LhsEval = typename FluidState::ValueType>
    std::pair<LhsEval, LhsEval>
    inverseFormationVolumeFactorAndViscosity(const FluidState& fluidState, unsigned regionIdx)
    {
        auto [b, mu] = isothermalPvt_->inverseFormationVolumeFactorAndViscosity(fluidState, regionIdx);
        const LhsEval& pressure = decay<LhsEval>(fluidState.pressure(FluidState::waterPhaseIdx));
        const LhsEval& temperature = decay<LhsEval>(fluidState.temperature(FluidState::waterPhaseIdx));
        if (enableThermalDensity()) {
            Scalar BwRef = pvtwRefB_[regionIdx];
            Scalar TRef = watdentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
            const LhsEval X = pvtwCompressibility_[regionIdx] * (pressure - pvtwRefPress_[regionIdx]);
            Scalar cT1 = watdentCT1_[regionIdx];
            Scalar cT2 = watdentCT2_[regionIdx];
            const LhsEval Y = temperature - TRef;
            // this is inconsistent with the density calculation of water in the isothermal
            // case (it misses the quadratic pressure term), but it is the equation given in
            // the documentation.
            // Note assignment to 'b', not multiplying the isothermal 'b' by a factor!
            b = 1.0 / (((1 - X) * (1 + cT1 * Y + cT2 * Y * Y)) * BwRef);
        }
        if (enableThermalViscosity()) {
            Scalar x = -pvtwViscosibility_[regionIdx] * (viscrefPress_[regionIdx] - pvtwRefPress_[regionIdx]);
            Scalar muRef = pvtwViscosity_[regionIdx] / (1.0 + x + 0.5 * x * x);
            // compute the viscosity deviation due to temperature
            const auto muWatvisct = watvisctCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, true);
            // Split operations to get same order of operations as in the viscosity() function.
            mu *= muWatvisct;
            mu /= muRef;
        }
        return { b, mu };
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturationPressure(unsigned /*regionIdx*/,
                                  const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                  const Evaluation& /*Rs*/,
                                  const Evaluation& /*saltconcentration*/) const
    { return 0.0; /* this is dead water, so there isn't any meaningful saturation pressure! */ }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedGasDissolutionFactor(unsigned /*regionIdx*/,
                                             const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                             const Evaluation& /*pressure*/,
                                             const Evaluation& /*saltconcentration*/) const
    { return 0.0; /* this is dead water! */ }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation diffusionCoefficient(const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                    const Evaluation& /*pressure*/,
                                    unsigned /*compIdx*/,
                                    unsigned /*regionIdx*/ = 0) const
    {
        throw std::runtime_error("Not implemented: The PVT model does not provide "
                                 "a diffusionCoefficient()");
    }
 
    const IsothermalPvt* isoThermalPvt() const
    { return isothermalPvt_; }
 
    Scalar waterReferenceDensity(unsigned regionIdx) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->waterReferenceDensity(regionIdx); }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& viscrefPress() const
    { return viscrefPress_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& watdentRefTemp() const
    { return watdentRefTemp_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& watdentCT1() const
    { return watdentCT1_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& watdentCT2() const
    { return watdentCT2_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& pvtwRefPress() const
    { return pvtwRefPress_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& pvtwRefB() const
    { return pvtwRefB_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& pvtwCompressibility() const
    { return pvtwCompressibility_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& pvtwViscosity() const
    { return pvtwViscosity_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& pvtwViscosibility() const
    { return pvtwViscosibility_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& referenceSaltConcentration() const
    { return referenceSaltConcentration_; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& watvisctCurves() const
    { return watvisctCurves_; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& internalEnergyCurves() const
    { return internalEnergyCurves_; }
 
    bool enableInternalEnergy() const
    { return enableInternalEnergy_; }
 
    bool enableBrineViscosity() const
    { return enableBrineViscosity_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& watJTRefPres() const
    { return  watJTRefPres_; }
 
     const std::vector<Scalar>&  watJTC() const
    { return watJTC_; }
 
    bool operator==(const WaterPvtThermal<Scalar, enableBrine>& data) const;
 
    WaterPvtThermal<Scalar, enableBrine>&
    operator=(const WaterPvtThermal<Scalar, enableBrine>& data);
 
private:
    IsothermalPvt* isothermalPvt_{nullptr};
 
    // The PVT properties needed for temperature dependence. We need to store one
    // value per PVT region.
    std::vector<Scalar> viscrefPress_{};
 
    std::vector<Scalar> watdentRefTemp_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> watdentCT1_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> watdentCT2_{};
 
    std::vector<Scalar> watJTRefPres_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> watJTC_{};
 
    std::vector<Scalar> pvtwRefPress_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> pvtwRefB_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> pvtwCompressibility_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> pvtwViscosity_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> pvtwViscosibility_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> referenceSaltConcentration_{};
 
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> watvisctCurves_{};
 
    // piecewise linear curve representing the internal energy of water
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> internalEnergyCurves_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> hVap_{};
 
    bool enableThermalDensity_{false};
    bool enableJouleThomson_{false};
    bool enableThermalViscosity_{false};
    bool enableInternalEnergy_{false};
    bool enableBrineViscosity_{false};
};
 
} // namespace Opm
 
#endif