GasPvtThermal.hpp

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// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
/*
  This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
 
  OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.
 
  OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.
 
  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with OPM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
  Consult the COPYING file in the top-level source directory of this
  module for the precise wording of the license and the list of
  copyright holders.
*/
#ifndef OPM_GAS_PVT_THERMAL_HPP
#define OPM_GAS_PVT_THERMAL_HPP
 
#include <opm/material/common/Tabulated1DFunction.hpp>
 
#include <cstddef>
 
namespace Opm {
 
class EclipseState;
class Schedule;
 
template <class Scalar, bool enableThermal>
class GasPvtMultiplexer;

template <class Scalar>
class GasPvtThermal
{
public:
    using IsothermalPvt = GasPvtMultiplexer<Scalar, /*enableThermal=*/false>;
    using TabulatedOneDFunction = Tabulated1DFunction<Scalar>;
 
    GasPvtThermal() = default;
 
    GasPvtThermal(IsothermalPvt* isothermalPvt,
                  const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& gasvisctCurves,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& viscrefPress,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& viscRef,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& gasdentRefTemp,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& gasdentCT1,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& gasdentCT2,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& gasJTRefPres,
                  const std::vector<Scalar>& gasJTC,
                  const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& internalEnergyCurves,
                  bool enableThermalDensity,
                  bool enableJouleThomson,
                  bool enableThermalViscosity,
                  bool enableInternalEnergy)
        : isothermalPvt_(isothermalPvt)
        , gasvisctCurves_(gasvisctCurves)
        , viscrefPress_(viscrefPress)
        , viscRef_(viscRef)
        , gasdentRefTemp_(gasdentRefTemp)
        , gasdentCT1_(gasdentCT1)
        , gasdentCT2_(gasdentCT2)
        , gasJTRefPres_(gasJTRefPres)
        , gasJTC_(gasJTC)
        , internalEnergyCurves_(internalEnergyCurves)
        , enableThermalDensity_(enableThermalDensity)
        , enableJouleThomson_(enableJouleThomson)
        , enableThermalViscosity_(enableThermalViscosity)
        , enableInternalEnergy_(enableInternalEnergy)
    { }
 
    GasPvtThermal(const GasPvtThermal& data)
    { *this = data; }
 
    ~GasPvtThermal()
    { delete isothermalPvt_; }

    void initFromState(const EclipseState& eclState, const Schedule& schedule);

    void setNumRegions(std::size_t numRegions);
 
    void setVapPars(const Scalar par1, const Scalar par2)
    {
        isothermalPvt_->setVapPars(par1, par2);
    }

    void initEnd()
    { }

    bool enableThermalDensity() const
    { return enableThermalDensity_; }

    bool enableJouleThomson() const
    { return enableJouleThomson_; }

    bool enableThermalViscosity() const
    { return enableThermalViscosity_; }
 
    std::size_t numRegions() const
    { return viscrefPress_.size(); }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation internalEnergy(unsigned regionIdx,
                              const Evaluation& temperature,
                              const Evaluation& pressure,
                              const Evaluation& Rv,
                              [[maybe_unused]] const Evaluation& RvW) const
    {
        if (!enableInternalEnergy_) {
             throw std::runtime_error("Requested the internal energy of gas but it is disabled");
        }
 
        if (!enableJouleThomson_) {
            // compute the specific internal energy for the specified tempature. We use linear
            // interpolation here despite the fact that the underlying heat capacities are
            // piecewise linear (which leads to a quadratic function)
            return internalEnergyCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        }
        else {
            // NB should probably be revisited with adding more or restrict to linear internal energy
            OpmLog::warning("Experimental code for jouleThomson: simulation will be slower");
            Evaluation Tref = gasdentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
            Evaluation Pref = gasJTRefPres_[regionIdx];
            Scalar JTC = gasJTC_[regionIdx]; // if JTC is default then JTC is calculaited
            Evaluation Rvw = 0.0;
 
            Evaluation invB = inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, Rv, Rvw);
            // NB this assumes internalEnergyCurve(0) = 0 derivative should be used add Cp table ??
            Evaluation Cp = (internalEnergyCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true))/temperature;
            Evaluation density = invB * (gasReferenceDensity(regionIdx) + Rv * rhoRefO_[regionIdx]);
 
            Evaluation enthalpyPres;
            if  (JTC != 0) {
                enthalpyPres = -Cp * JTC * (pressure -Pref);
            }
            else if (enableThermalDensity_) {
                Scalar c1T = gasdentCT1_[regionIdx];
                Scalar c2T = gasdentCT2_[regionIdx];
 
                Evaluation alpha = (c1T + 2 * c2T * (temperature - Tref)) /
                    (1 + c1T  *(temperature - Tref) + c2T * (temperature - Tref) * (temperature - Tref));
 
                constexpr const int N = 100; // value is experimental
                Evaluation deltaP = (pressure - Pref)/N;
                Evaluation enthalpyPresPrev = 0;
                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
                    Evaluation Pnew = Pref + i * deltaP;
                    Evaluation rho = inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, Pnew, Rv, Rvw) *
                                     (gasReferenceDensity(regionIdx) + Rv * rhoRefO_[regionIdx]);
                    // see e.g.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule-Thomson_effect for a derivation of the Joule-Thomson coeff.
                    Evaluation jouleThomsonCoefficient = -(1.0/Cp) * (1.0 - alpha * temperature)/rho;
                    Evaluation deltaEnthalpyPres = -Cp * jouleThomsonCoefficient * deltaP;
                    enthalpyPres = enthalpyPresPrev + deltaEnthalpyPres;
                    enthalpyPresPrev = enthalpyPres;
                }
            }
            else {
                throw std::runtime_error("Requested Joule-thomson calculation but thermal "
                                         "gas density (GASDENT) is not provided");
            }
 
            Evaluation enthalpy = Cp * (temperature - Tref) + enthalpyPres;
 
            return enthalpy - pressure/density;
        }
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation viscosity(unsigned regionIdx,
                         const Evaluation& temperature,
                         const Evaluation& pressure,
                         const Evaluation& Rv,
                         const Evaluation& Rvw) const
    {
        const auto& isothermalMu = isothermalPvt_->viscosity(regionIdx, temperature, pressure, Rv, Rvw);
        if (!enableThermalViscosity())
            return isothermalMu;
 
        // compute the viscosity deviation due to temperature
        const auto& muGasvisct = gasvisctCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true);
        return muGasvisct/viscRef_[regionIdx]*isothermalMu;
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedViscosity(unsigned regionIdx,
                                  const Evaluation& temperature,
                                  const Evaluation& pressure) const
    {
        const auto& isothermalMu = isothermalPvt_->saturatedViscosity(regionIdx, temperature, pressure);
        if (!enableThermalViscosity())
            return isothermalMu;
 
        // compute the viscosity deviation due to temperature
        const auto& muGasvisct = gasvisctCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, true);
        return muGasvisct/viscRef_[regionIdx]*isothermalMu;
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation inverseFormationVolumeFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                            const Evaluation& temperature,
                                            const Evaluation& pressure,
                                            const Evaluation& Rv,
                                            const Evaluation& /*Rvw*/) const
    {
        const Evaluation& Rvw = 0.0;
        const auto& b =
            isothermalPvt_->inverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature,
                                                         pressure, Rv, Rvw);
 
        if (!enableThermalDensity()) {
            return b;
        }
 
        // we use the same approach as for the for water here, but with the OPM-specific
        // GASDENT keyword.
        //
        // TODO: Since gas is quite a bit more compressible than water, it might be
        //       necessary to make GASDENT to a table keyword. If the current temperature
        //       is relatively close to the reference temperature, the current approach
        //       should be good enough, though.
        Scalar TRef = gasdentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT1 = gasdentCT1_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT2 = gasdentCT2_[regionIdx];
        const Evaluation& Y = temperature - TRef;
 
        return b / (1 + (cT1 + cT2 * Y) * Y);
    }

    template <class FluidState, class LhsEval = typename FluidState::ValueType>
    std::pair<LhsEval, LhsEval>
    inverseFormationVolumeFactorAndViscosity(const FluidState& fluidState, unsigned regionIdx)
    {
        auto [b, mu] = isothermalPvt_->inverseFormationVolumeFactorAndViscosity(fluidState, regionIdx);
        const LhsEval& temperature = decay<LhsEval>(fluidState.temperature(FluidState::gasPhaseIdx));
        if (enableThermalDensity()) {
            // we use the same approach as for the for water here, but with the OPM-specific
            // GASDENT keyword.
            //
            // TODO: Since gas is quite a bit more compressible than water, it might be
            //       necessary to make GASDENT to a table keyword. If the current temperature
            //       is relatively close to the reference temperature, the current approach
            //       should be good enough, though.
            Scalar TRef = gasdentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
            Scalar cT1 = gasdentCT1_[regionIdx];
            Scalar cT2 = gasdentCT2_[regionIdx];
            const LhsEval& Y = temperature - TRef;
            b /= (1.0 + (cT1 + cT2 * Y) * Y);
        }
        if (enableThermalViscosity()) {
            // compute the viscosity deviation due to temperature
            const auto& muGasvisct = gasvisctCurves_[regionIdx].eval(temperature, /*extrapolate=*/true);
            mu *= (muGasvisct / viscRef_[regionIdx]);
        }
        return { b, mu };
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedInverseFormationVolumeFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                                     const Evaluation& temperature,
                                                     const Evaluation& pressure) const
    {
        const auto& b =
            isothermalPvt_->saturatedInverseFormationVolumeFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure);
 
        if (!enableThermalDensity()) {
            return b;
        }
 
        // we use the same approach as for the for water here, but with the OPM-specific
        // GASDENT keyword.
        //
        // TODO: Since gas is quite a bit more compressible than water, it might be
        //       necessary to make GASDENT to a table keyword. If the current temperature
        //       is relatively close to the reference temperature, the current approach
        //       should be good enough, though.
        Scalar TRef = gasdentRefTemp_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT1 = gasdentCT1_[regionIdx];
        Scalar cT2 = gasdentCT2_[regionIdx];
        const Evaluation& Y = temperature - TRef;
 
        return b / (1 + (cT1 + cT2 * Y) * Y);
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedWaterVaporizationFactor(unsigned /*regionIdx*/,
                                                const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                                const Evaluation& /*pressure*/) const
    { return 0.0; }

    template <class Evaluation = Scalar>
    Evaluation saturatedWaterVaporizationFactor(unsigned /*regionIdx*/,
                                                const Evaluation& /*temperature*/,
                                                const Evaluation& /*pressure*/,
                                                const Evaluation& /*saltConcentration*/) const
    { return 0.0; }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedOilVaporizationFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                              const Evaluation& temperature,
                                              const Evaluation& pressure) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->saturatedOilVaporizationFactor(regionIdx, temperature, pressure); }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturatedOilVaporizationFactor(unsigned regionIdx,
                                              const Evaluation& temperature,
                                              const Evaluation& pressure,
                                              const Evaluation& oilSaturation,
                                              const Evaluation& maxOilSaturation) const
    {
        return isothermalPvt_->saturatedOilVaporizationFactor(regionIdx, temperature,
                                                            pressure, oilSaturation,
                                                            maxOilSaturation);
    }

    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation saturationPressure(unsigned regionIdx,
                                  const Evaluation& temperature,
                                  const Evaluation& pressure) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->saturationPressure(regionIdx, temperature, pressure); }
 
    template <class Evaluation>
    Evaluation diffusionCoefficient(const Evaluation& temperature,
                                    const Evaluation& pressure,
                                    unsigned compIdx) const
    {
        return isothermalPvt_->diffusionCoefficient(temperature, pressure, compIdx);
    }
    const IsothermalPvt* isoThermalPvt() const
    { return isothermalPvt_; }
 
    Scalar gasReferenceDensity(unsigned regionIdx) const
    { return isothermalPvt_->gasReferenceDensity(regionIdx); }
 
    Scalar hVap(unsigned regionIdx) const
    { return this->hVap_[regionIdx]; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& gasvisctCurves() const
    { return gasvisctCurves_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& viscrefPress() const
    { return viscrefPress_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& viscRef() const
    { return viscRef_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& gasdentRefTemp() const
    { return gasdentRefTemp_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& gasdentCT1() const
    { return gasdentCT1_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& gasdentCT2() const
    { return gasdentCT2_; }
 
    const std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction>& internalEnergyCurves() const
    { return internalEnergyCurves_; }
 
    bool enableInternalEnergy() const
    { return enableInternalEnergy_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>& gasJTRefPres() const
    { return  gasJTRefPres_; }
 
    const std::vector<Scalar>&  gasJTC() const
    { return gasJTC_; }
 
    bool operator==(const GasPvtThermal<Scalar>& data) const;
 
    GasPvtThermal<Scalar>& operator=(const GasPvtThermal<Scalar>& data);
 
private:
    IsothermalPvt* isothermalPvt_{nullptr};
 
    // The PVT properties needed for temperature dependence of the viscosity. We need
    // to store one value per PVT region.
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> gasvisctCurves_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> viscrefPress_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> viscRef_{};
 
    std::vector<Scalar> gasdentRefTemp_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> gasdentCT1_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> gasdentCT2_{};
 
    std::vector<Scalar> gasJTRefPres_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> gasJTC_{};
 
    std::vector<Scalar> rhoRefO_{};
    std::vector<Scalar> hVap_{};
 
    // piecewise linear curve representing the internal energy of gas
    std::vector<TabulatedOneDFunction> internalEnergyCurves_{};
 
    bool enableThermalDensity_{false};
    bool enableJouleThomson_{false};
    bool enableThermalViscosity_{false};
    bool enableInternalEnergy_{false};
};
 
} // namespace Opm
 
#endif